MARC Language Codes

Code Sequence - ASCII Version


INTRODUCTION

This is an ASCII list of all valid and obsolete language codes assigned for use in MARC 21 records. It is intended to meet the need for a simple list to support MARC system development and online validation of MARC codes. This listing does not include any usage guidelines, or cross reference information. This information is available in the printed MARC code list and the full web version, available at: www.loc.gov/marc/languages/.


Discontinued codes are also listed in this sequence. They are identified by a hyphen preceding the code.

aar                    Afar
abk                    Abkhaz
ace                    Achinese
ach                    Acoli
ada                    Adangme
ady                    Adygei
afa                    Afroasiatic (Other)
afh                    Afrihili (Artificial language)
afr                    Afrikaans
-ajm                   Aljamía
aka                    Akan
akk                    Akkadian
alb                    Albanian
ale                    Aleut
alg                    Algonquian (Other)
amh                    Amharic
ang                    English, Old (ca. 450-1100)
apa                    Apache languages
ara                    Arabic
arc                    Aramaic
arg                    Aragonese Spanish
arm                    Armenian
arn                    Mapuche
arp                    Arapaho
art                    Artificial (Other)
arw                    Arawak
asm                    Assamese
ast                    Bable
ath                    Athapascan (Other)
aus                    Australian languages
ava                    Avaric
ave                    Avestan
awa                    Awadhi
aym                    Aymara
aze                    Azerbaijani
bad                    Banda
bai                    Bamileke languages
bak                    Bashkir
bal                    Baluchi
bam                    Bambara
ban                    Balinese
baq                    Basque
bas                    Basa
bat                    Baltic (Other)
bej                    Beja
bel                    Belarusian
bem                    Bemba
ben                    Bengali
ber                    Berber (Other)
bho                    Bhojpuri
bih                    Bihari
bik                    Bikol
bin                    Edo
bis                    Bislama
bla                    Siksika
bnt                    Bantu (Other)
bos                    Bosnian
bra                    Braj
bre                    Breton
btk                    Batak
bua                    Buriat
bug                    Bugis
bul                    Bulgarian
bur                    Burmese
cad                    Caddo
cai                    Central American Indian (Other)
-cam                   Khmer
car                    Carib
cat                    Catalan
cau                    Caucasian (Other)
ceb                    Cebuano
cel                    Celtic (Other)
cha                    Chamorro
chb                    Chibcha
che                    Chechen
chg                    Chagatai
chi                    Chinese
chk                    Truk
chm                    Mari
chn                    Chinook jargon
cho                    Choctaw
chp                    Chipewyan
chr                    Cherokee
chu                    Church Slavic
chv                    Chuvash
chy                    Cheyenne
cmc                    Chamic languages
cop                    Coptic
cor                    Cornish
cos                    Corsican
cpe                    Creoles and Pidgins, English-based (Other)
cpf                    Creoles and Pidgins, French-based (Other)
cpp                    Creoles and Pidgins, Portuguese-based
                        (Other)
cre                    Cree
crh                    Crimean Tatar
crp                    Creoles and Pidgins (Other)
cus                    Cushitic (Other)
cze                    Czech
dak                    Dakota
dan                    Danish
dar                    Dargwa
day                    Dayak
del                    Delaware
den                    Slave
dgr                    Dogrib
din                    Dinka
div                    Divehi
doi                    Dogri
dra                    Dravidian (Other)
dua                    Duala
dum                    Dutch, Middle (ca. 1050-1350)
dut                    Dutch
dyu                    Dyula
dzo                    Dzongkha
efi                    Efik
egy                    Egyptian
eka                    Ekajuk
elx                    Elamite
eng                    English
enm                    English, Middle (1100-1500)
epo                    Esperanto
-esk                   Eskimo languages
-esp                   Esperanto
est                    Estonian
-eth                   Ethiopic
ewe                    Ewe
ewo                    Ewondo
fan                    Fang
fao                    Faroese
-far                   Faroese
fat                    Fanti
fij                    Fijian
fin                    Finnish
fiu                    Finno-Ugrian (Other)
fon                    Fon
fre                    French
-fri                   Frisian
frm                    French, Middle (ca. 1400-1600)
fro                    French, Old (ca. 842-1400)
fry                    Frisian
ful                    Fula
fur                    Friulian
gaa                    Gã
-gae                   Scottish Gaelic
-gag                   Galician
-gal                   Oromo
gay                    Gayo
gba                    Gbaya
gem                    Germanic (Other)
geo                    Georgian
ger                    German
gez                    Ethiopic
gil                    Gilbertese
gla                    Scottish Gaelic
gle                    Irish
glg                    Galician
glv                    Manx
gmh                    German, Middle High (ca. 1050-1500)
goh                    German, Old High (ca. 750-1050)
gon                    Gondi
gor                    Gorontalo
got                    Gothic
grb                    Grebo
grc                    Greek, Ancient (to 1453)
gre                    Greek, Modern (1453- )
grn                    Guarani
-gua                   Guarani
guj                    Gujarati
gwi                    Gwich'in
hai                    Haida
hat                    Haitian French Creole
hau                    Hausa
haw                    Hawaiian
heb                    Hebrew
her                    Herero
hil                    Hiligaynon
him                    Himachali
hin                    Hindi
hit                    Hittite
hmn                    Hmong
hmo                    Hiri Motu
hun                    Hungarian
hup                    Hupa
iba                    Iban
ibo                    Igbo
ice                    Icelandic
ido                    Ido
iii                    Sichuan Yi
ijo                    Ijo
iku                    Inuktitut
ile                    Interlingue
ilo                    Iloko
ina                    Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
                        Association)
inc                    Indic (Other)
ind                    Indonesian
ine                    Indo-European (Other)
inh                    Ingush
-int                   Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
                        Association)
ipk                    Inupiaq
ira                    Iranian (Other)
-iri                   Irish
iro                    Iroquoian (Other)
ita                    Italian
jav                    Javanese
jpn                    Japanese
jpr                    Judeo-Persian
jrb                    Judeo-Arabic
kaa                    Kara-Kalpak
kab                    Kabyle
kac                    Kachin
kal                    Kalâtdlisut
kam                    Kamba
kan                    Kannada
kar                    Karen
kas                    Kashmiri
kau                    Kanuri
kaw                    Kawi
kaz                    Kazakh
kbd                    Kabardian
kha                    Khasi
khi                    Khoisan (Other)
khm                    Khmer
kho                    Khotanese
kik                    Kikuyu
kin                    Kinyarwanda
kir                    Kyrgyz
kmb                    Kimbundu
kok                    Konkani
kom                    Komi
kon                    Kongo
kor                    Korean
kos                    Kusaie
kpe                    Kpelle
kro                    Kru
kru                    Kurukh
kua                    Kuanyama
kum                    Kumyk
kur                    Kurdish
-kus                   Kusaie
kut                    Kutenai
lad                    Ladino
lah                    Lahnda
lam                    Lamba
-lan                   Occitan (post-1500)
lao                    Lao
-lap                   Sami
lat                    Latin
lav                    Latvian
lez                    Lezgian
lim                    Limburgish
lin                    Lingala
lit                    Lithuanian
lol                    Mongo-Nkundu
loz                    Lozi
ltz                    Letzeburgesch
lua                    Luba-Lulua
lub                    Luba-Katanga
lug                    Ganda
lui                    Luiseño
lun                    Lunda
luo                    Luo (Kenya and Tanzania)
lus                    Lushai
mac                    Macedonian
mad                    Madurese
mag                    Magahi
mah                    Marshallese
mai                    Maithili
mak                    Makasar
mal                    Malayalam
man                    Mandingo
mao                    Maori
map                    Austronesian (Other)
mar                    Marathi
mas                    Masai
-max                   Manx
may                    Malay
mdr                    Mandar
men                    Mende
mga                    Irish, Middle (ca. 1100-1550)
mic                    Micmac
min                    Minangkabau
mis                    Miscellaneous languages
mkh                    Mon-Khmer (Other)
-mla                   Malagasy
mlg                    Malagasy
mlt                    Maltese
mnc                    Manchu
mni                    Manipuri
mno                    Manobo languages
moh                    Mohawk
mol                    Moldavian
mon                    Mongolian
mos                    Mooré
mul                    Multiple languages
mun                    Munda (Other)
mus                    Creek
mwr                    Marwari
myn                    Mayan languages
nah                    Nahuatl
nai                    North American Indian (Other)
nap                    Neapolitan Italian
nau                    Nauru
nav                    Navajo
nbl                    Ndebele (South Africa)
nde                    Ndebele (Zimbabwe)  
ndo                    Ndonga
nds                    Low German
nep                    Nepali
new                    Newari
nia                    Nias
nic                    Niger-Kordofanian (Other)
niu                    Niuean
nno                    Norwegian (Nynorsk)
nob                    Norwegian (Bokmål)
nog                    Nogai
non                    Old Norse
nor                    Norwegian
nso                    Northern Sotho
nub                    Nubian languages
nya                    Nyanja
nym                    Nyamwezi
nyn                    Nyankole
nyo                    Nyoro
nzi                    Nzima
oci                    Occitan (post-1500)
oji                    Ojibwa
ori                    Oriya
orm                    Oromo
osa                    Osage
oss                    Ossetic
ota                    Turkish, Ottoman
oto                    Otomian languages
paa                    Papuan (Other)
pag                    Pangasinan
pal                    Pahlavi
pam                    Pampanga
pan                    Panjabi
pap                    Papiamento
pau                    Palauan
peo                    Old Persian (ca. 600-400 B.C.)
per                    Persian
phi                    Philippine (Other)
phn                    Phoenician
pli                    Pali
pol                    Polish
pon                    Ponape
por                    Portuguese
pra                    Prakrit languages
pro                    Provençal (to 1500)
pus                    Pushto
que                    Quechua
raj                    Rajasthani
rap                    Rapanui
rar                    Rarotongan
roa                    Romance (Other)
roh                    Raeto-Romance
rom                    Romani
rum                    Romanian
run                    Rundi
rus                    Russian
sad                    Sandawe
sag                    Sango (Ubangi Creole)
sah                    Yakut
sai                    South American Indian (Other)
sal                    Salishan languages
sam                    Samaritan Aramaic
san                    Sanskrit
-sao                   Samoan
sas                    Sasak
sat                    Santali
scc                    Serbian
sco                    Scots
scr                    Croatian
sel                    Selkup
sem                    Semitic (Other)
sga                    Irish, Old (to 1100)
sgn                    Sign languages
shn                    Shan
-sho                   Shona
sid                    Sidamo
sin                    Sinhalese
sio                    Siouan (Other)
sit                    Sino-Tibetan (Other)
sla                    Slavic (Other)
slo                    Slovak
slv                    Slovenian
sma                    Southern Sami
sme                    Northern Sami
smi                    Sami
smj                    Lule Sami
smn                    Inari Sami
smo                    Samoan
sms                    Skolt Sami
sna                    Shona
snd                    Sindhi
-snh                   Sinhalese
snk                    Soninke
sog                    Sogdian
som                    Somali
son                    Songhai
sot                    Sotho
spa                    Spanish
srd                    Sardinian
srr                    Serer
ssa                    Nilo-Saharan (Other)
-sso                   Sotho
ssw                    Swazi
suk                    Sukuma
sun                    Sundanese
sus                    Susu
sux                    Sumerian
swa                    Swahili
swe                    Swedish
-swz                   Swazi
syr                    Syriac
-tag                   Tagalog
tah                    Tahitian
tai                    Tai (Other)
-taj                   Tajik
tam                    Tamil
-tar                   Tatar
tat                    Tatar
tel                    Telugu
tem                    Temne
ter                    Terena
tet                    Tetum
tgk                    Tajik
tgl                    Tagalog
tha                    Thai
tib                    Tibetan
tig                    Tigré
tir                    Tigrinya
tiv                    Tiv
tkl                    Tokelauan
tli                    Tlingit
tmh                    Tamashek
tog                    Tonga (Nyasa)
ton                    Tongan
tpi                    Tok Pisin
-tru                   Truk
tsi                    Tsimshian
tsn                    Tswana
tso                    Tsonga
-tsw                   Tswana
tuk                    Turkmen
tum                    Tumbuka
tup                    Tupi languages
tur                    Turkish
tut                    Altaic (Other)
tvl                    Tuvaluan
twi                    Twi
tyv                    Tuvinian
udm                    Udmurt
uga                    Ugaritic
uig                    Uighur
ukr                    Ukrainian
umb                    Umbundu
und                    Undetermined
urd                    Urdu
uzb                    Uzbek
vai                    Vai
ven                    Venda
vie                    Vietnamese
vol                    Volapük
vot                    Votic
wak                    Wakashan languages
wal                    Walamo
war                    Waray
was                    Washo
wel                    Welsh
wen                    Sorbian languages
wln                    Walloon
wol                    Wolof
xal                    Kalmyk
xho                    Xhosa
yao                    Yao (Africa)
yap                    Yapese
yid                    Yiddish
yor                    Yoruba
ypk                    Yupik languages
zap                    Zapotec
zen                    Zenaga
zha                    Zhuang
znd                    Zande
zul                    Zulu
zun                    Zuni

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Comments: Library of Congress Help Desk ( 05/05/2003 )